Why the usual fixes (more sleep, cleaner food, another adaptogen) only take you so far, and how a precursor-and-mineral approach fits alongside the lifestyle work you’re already doing
You sleep 7.5 hours. You eat clean. You train four or five days a week, you meditate, you watch your recovery score, and you’ve cycled through ashwagandha, rhodiola, and lion’s mane. You cut back on alcohol and fixed your sleep schedule. And you’re still tired, still foggy, still watching your midsection soften despite the discipline you’re putting in, still feeling a step slower than you used to be.
That’s a frustrating place to be, because it isn’t a discipline problem. It also isn’t simply “getting older.” Chronic stress has real, measurable effects on the hormone systems that drive your energy, focus, and body composition, and those effects don’t care how clean your habits are. Understanding what’s actually happening is the first step toward doing something useful about it.
Here’s the honest version of the biology: what the research supports, what it doesn’t, and where a formula like HormonIQ™ fits.
What Chronic Stress Actually Does to Your Hormones
Your stress response runs through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Under pressure, your brain signals your adrenal glands to make cortisol. That system is supposed to spike and settle. The trouble with a demanding career is that the pressure rarely settles, so cortisol signaling stays switched on far longer than the system was designed for.
Two things tend to happen when that signaling stays elevated for months or years.
First, sustained stress signaling from the brain can suppress the reproductive and vitality side of your endocrine system. High, persistent cortisol and its upstream signals can dampen the hypothalamic output (GnRH) that tells your body to keep sex-hormone production humming, a stress-and-reproduction link reviewed by Whirledge & Cidlowski (Minerva Endocrinologica, 2010). It’s a signaling effect: communication from the brain turning down the volume, not a fuel shortage.
Second, DHEA, one of the adrenal hormones tied to energy and well-being, tends to decline steadily with age, a pattern documented as far back as Orentreich et al. (JCEM, 1984), and sustained stress can add to how depleted you feel. In that cross-sectional data, DHEA-S peaks in the early 20s and falls from there to roughly half of its peak level by around age 50, and to only about a fifth of peak (close to an 80% drop) by the 70s. That age-related decline is well established, and it’s part of why the “everything’s optimized and I still feel flat” pattern shows up in your late 30s, 40s, and 50s specifically.
You may have seen this described online as the “pregnenolone steal,” the idea that stress diverts a shared pool of raw material toward cortisol and away from your other hormones. It’s a tidy story, and it’s the origin of this product category, but it’s worth being straight about it: modern endocrinology doesn’t support the shared-pool version. Miller & Auchus (Endocrine Reviews, 2011) characterize human steroid production as compartmentalized. Each gland and each zone makes its own precursors locally, so there’s no common reservoir for one pathway to raid from another. The real connection between stress and your hormones runs through brain-level signaling and age-related decline, which is a more accurate, and frankly more useful, way to think about it. The symptoms people describe are real. The mechanism is just better explained by signaling than by theft.
Either way, the downstream feeling is familiar: the fatigue that sleep doesn’t fix, the foggy start to the day, the stubborn midsection, the flatter mood and drive. Those aren’t character flaws. They’re what a chronically activated stress system tends to produce.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Where HormonIQ™ Fits
HormonIQ™ is a stress-and-hormone support formula built for adults ages 35 to 55 who are carrying a heavy, sustained workload and feel it in their energy, focus, and body composition. It brings together five well-studied ingredients, pregnenolone, DHEA, DIM (diindolylmethane), boron glycinate, and magnesium bisglycinate, chosen for their roles in the hormone and stress pathways described above.
The idea isn’t to override your stress response or to push a tired system harder with stimulants. It’s to supply precursors and minerals your body uses in these pathways, alongside (not instead of) the sleep, training, and stress-management work you’re already doing. Two of these ingredients, DHEA and pregnenolone, are hormone precursors, which means this is a formula to use thoughtfully and ideally with your healthcare provider’s input. More on that below, because it matters.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

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Why the Usual Fixes Only Take You So Far
There’s real logic in the sequence of things you’ve already tried. Each one addresses a piece of the picture. Each one also has a ceiling.
Adaptogens (ashwagandha, rhodiola)
These are genuinely useful for taking the edge off a reactive stress response, and plenty of people feel steadier on them. What they don’t do is replace the precursors and minerals that decline with age and sustained stress. They work on how your system reacts, not on the raw materials it draws from. That’s why people who’ve run quality adaptogens for a year or more often say they help, but they haven’t brought back the sharpness or drive they’ve lost. HormonIQ™ is meant to sit alongside adaptogens, not replace them.
Stimulants and “smart drug” nootropics
Caffeine and its stronger cousins make a demanding day feel manageable, but they do it by pushing an already-taxed system, and the crash-and-refill cycle tends to deepen over time. Coffee you actually enjoy is fine. It’s the fourth and fifth cups, the ones that feel medically necessary by 3 p.m., that signal you’re borrowing energy you don’t have. Supporting the underlying pathways is a different approach than forcing output.
Sleep, mindfulness, and stress management
These are the foundation, full stop, and nothing here replaces them. But behavioral work manages your inputs and your reactions. It doesn’t supply the specific nutrients and precursors your body uses in these hormone pathways. That’s the gap a formula is meant to fill: not a substitute for the discipline, a complement to it.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
The Five Ingredients, and What the Research Actually Says
Here’s each ingredient, what it is, what the research has looked at (including honest notes on doses and study populations), and why it’s in the formula. Where the studies used different doses or different groups of people than this product targets, that context is noted, because that’s the difference between marketing and information.
Pregnenolone (50 mg)
Pregnenolone is a neurosteroid and one of the upstream building blocks your body uses to make other steroid hormones. It crosses into the brain, where it interacts with GABA-A and NMDA receptors involved in mood and mental clarity, which is why researchers study it as a neurosteroid.
Honest context on the research: the most-cited clinical work, Marx et al. (Neuropsychopharmacology, 2009), studied pregnenolone in people with schizophrenia at escalating doses up to 500 mg per day, well above a supplement dose. That trial found improvement in certain symptoms, while the main cognitive measures didn’t separate from placebo overall. So pregnenolone is a genuinely interesting neurosteroid under active study, but the clinical picture in healthy, high-functioning adults is still limited. Treat it as promising and worth understanding, not as a settled result. Because pregnenolone is a hormone precursor with an unsettled regulatory status in supplements, this is one to discuss with your healthcare provider.
DHEA (25 mg)
DHEA is a hormone your body makes on its own, and its levels decline steadily with age. That’s the ingredient with the most direct tie to the age-and-stress decline this formula is built around.
Honest context on the research: Morales et al. (JCEM, 1994) gave DHEA at 50 mg daily for six months to adults of advancing age and reported an improved sense of well-being in both men and women. Villareal & Holloszy (JAMA, 2004) used DHEA at 50 mg daily in older adults and documented reductions in visceral (abdominal) fat along with better insulin sensitivity. Two things to keep in mind: those studies used 50 mg (twice the 25 mg in this product’s once-daily capsule), and they were done in older adults, so they’re a reasonable signal rather than a promise for a 40-year-old professional. It’s also worth knowing that in people whose hormone levels are already normal, DHEA may not shift testosterone or estrogen much. DHEA is a hormone; use it deliberately, and see the safety section before you start.
DIM / Diindolylmethane (150 mg)
DIM is a compound your body forms from the indoles in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and Brussels sprouts. It’s studied for its role in how the body metabolizes estrogen, specifically, nudging estrogen toward more favorable metabolite pathways. In a formula that includes hormone precursors, DIM is there to support balanced estrogen metabolism as part of the overall picture.
Boron Glycinate (5 mg elemental)
Boron is a trace mineral studied for its role in mineral and hormone metabolism, including its relationship with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), the protein that binds hormones in the blood. Naghii et al. (JTEMB, 2011) supplemented 8 healthy male volunteers with 10 mg of boron daily for 7 days and reported an increase in free testosterone alongside decreases in SHBG and in the inflammatory markers hs-CRP and TNF-α. The glycinate (chelated) form is used here for absorption. Two honest caveats before you read too much into it: this product’s daily serving provides 5 mg (half the dose in that study), and the study itself was small, short, and male-only, so treat those findings as suggestive rather than settled.
Magnesium Bisglycinate (28 mg elemental)
Magnesium is involved in hundreds of processes in the body, including nervous-system regulation and sleep, and many adults simply don’t get enough from diet. Held et al. (Pharmacopsychiatry, 2002) studied oral magnesium and sleep-related neuroendocrine function in 12 healthy adults aged 60 to 80, using a ramped protocol that reached 30 mmol per day (about 729 mg of elemental magnesium). That’s far more than the 28 mg in a capsule here, roughly 26 times as much, so think of this ingredient as a well-absorbed, complementary amount rather than a stand-alone sleep dose. The bisglycinate form is chosen for absorption and for being gentle on the stomach, and its glycine component is itself calming.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
What’s Realistic to Expect
Supplements aren’t switches. What a formula like this can reasonably do is support the systems involved in energy, mental clarity, sleep quality, healthy body composition, and a steady stress response, working alongside your habits, not in place of them. Here’s an honest look at each area.
Mental clarity and focus. Pregnenolone’s neurosteroid activity is the reason it’s studied for mood and cognition, and DHEA has been examined for its role in the brain. The reasonable expectation is support for the sharp, focused feeling you’re used to, not a guaranteed jump in test scores.*
Steadier energy. The goal is supporting your body’s own energy and stress systems so you rely less on the caffeine-crash-caffeine loop, not adding another stimulant to the pile.*
Body composition. DHEA’s research in older adults points to a role in healthy body composition, and stress-driven abdominal fat is a real pattern. Framed honestly: this supports healthy body composition when combined with diet and exercise. The training you’re already doing does the heavy lifting.*
Sleep quality. Magnesium’s role in sleep and relaxation is why it’s here. Supporting restful sleep is a realistic aim.*
A steadier stress response. The point isn’t to blunt cortisol; you need a working stress response. It’s to support the broader hormone picture so demanding stretches feel more manageable and recovery comes a little easier.*
Give it time. Anything hormone-related works on a biological timeline. Think in terms of two to three months of consistent use, not two weeks, and pair it with lab testing if you want to see what’s actually moving.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

The Research Behind the Ingredients
Every ingredient here is included at a dose you can check against published research. A few honest ground rules for reading this: these are ingredient-level and mechanism-level studies, not trials of this exact five-ingredient combination, and where a study used a different dose or population than this product, that’s noted. That’s how substantiation should work.
Miller & Auchus (2011). The molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human steroidogenesis and its disorders. Endocrine Reviews, 32(1), 81–151. The standard reference on how humans actually make steroid hormones. It’s included here because it’s the honest source for the mechanism: steroid production is compartmentalized and tissue-specific, which is why the accurate story about stress and hormones is one of brain-level signaling and age-related decline, not a shared-substrate “steal.”
Marx et al. (2009). Proof-of-concept trial with the neurosteroid pregnenolone targeting cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(8), 1885–1903. Placebo-controlled trial using pregnenolone at escalating doses up to 500 mg/day in patients with schizophrenia. It reported improvement in negative symptoms; the primary cognitive measures did not separate from placebo overall, though neurosteroid increases correlated with cognitive scores. Cited here as the reason pregnenolone is studied as a neurosteroid, not as evidence of a specific benefit in healthy professionals.*
Morales et al. (1994). Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. JCEM, 78(6), 1360–1367. A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 13 men and 17 women aged 40 to 70. Each participant took 50 mg of oral DHEA nightly for three months and placebo for three months; during the DHEA phase, 67% of men and 84% of women reported an increase in perceived physical and psychological well-being. That’s twice the 25 mg in this product’s once-daily serving, and the study’s 40-to-70 age range overlaps this product’s target audience.*
Villareal & Holloszy (2004). Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men. JAMA, 292(18), 2243–2248. DHEA at 50 mg daily reduced visceral fat and improved insulin sensitivity in older adults. Supports DHEA’s role in body composition, again at 50 mg and in an older group.*
Naghii et al. (2011). Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. JTEMB, 25(1), 54–58. Supplemented 8 healthy male volunteers with 10 mg of boron daily for 7 days and reported an increase in free testosterone and decreases in SHBG, hs-CRP, and TNF-α. This product’s daily serving provides 5 mg. Read it as suggestive: the study was small, short, and male-only.*
Held et al. (2002). Oral Mg²⁺ supplementation reverses age-related neuroendocrine and sleep EEG changes in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry, 35(4), 135–143. Studied magnesium in 12 healthy adults aged 60 to 80, using a ramped protocol that reached 30 mmol per day (about 729 mg of elemental magnesium) for 14 days, roughly 26 times the elemental magnesium in a capsule here. Cited for magnesium’s role in sleep and neuroendocrine function, and framed accordingly.*
Charalampopoulos et al. (2004). Dehydroepiandrosterone and allopregnanolone protect sympathoadrenal medulla cells against apoptosis via antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. PNAS, 101(21), 8209–8214. An in-vitro study in rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and the rat PC12 cell line, showing DHEA and related neurosteroids protected these cells from apoptosis. Included as early mechanistic context only. It’s preclinical cell work, not a human outcome.*
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
How to Know If This Is Relevant to You: Testing
If you’re the kind of person who’d rather measure than guess (and this audience usually is), a baseline hormone panel is the smart move before you start anything. It turns a supplement into a tracked experiment instead of a hunch.
A useful panel includes DHEA-S (the standard marker of DHEA status), free and total testosterone, SHBG (which affects how much hormone is actually available), estradiol, and cortisol measured in the morning and later in the day (the pattern matters as much as the number). Services like standard lab panels through your provider, or at-home options some people use, can cover most of this.
Retest after two to three months and you’ll have real data on what changed. Have your healthcare provider interpret it, since reference ranges depend on your age and situation, and the pattern is easy to misread on your own.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Who This Is For, and Who Should Skip It
This may be a fit if you:
· Are a busy adult (roughly 35 to 55) feeling persistent depletion across energy, focus, mood, and body composition despite solid habits
· Have kept up quality adaptogens, good sleep, and training but still feel a step off your baseline
· Like tracking your biomarkers and want something you can measure
· Have talked, or plan to talk, with your healthcare provider about hormone-precursor supplements
This is probably not the right choice if you:
· Are subject to drug testing for sport or work (see the safety note about DHEA below)
· Are pregnant or breastfeeding
· Have a personal or family history of a hormone-sensitive condition, or any adrenal or thyroid condition, unless your provider has cleared you
· Are dealing with something that needs real clinical care. Persistent low mood, significant anxiety, or severe exhaustion deserve a doctor, not a supplement
· Prefer to avoid hormone precursors altogether, which is a completely reasonable choice
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Safety, Interactions, and the Fine Print That Actually Matters
Because two of these ingredients are hormone precursors, this section isn’t boilerplate. Please read it.
Talk to your healthcare provider first, especially if you take any prescription medication or have any ongoing health condition. This is the right call for any hormone-precursor supplement, not a formality.
DHEA and drug testing. DHEA is on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) prohibited list and is banned for athletes in and out of competition. If you’re tested for sport, or for a job that screens for these substances, do not use this product.
International status. In many countries outside the United States, DHEA and pregnenolone are treated as controlled or prescription-only substances. Know the rules where you live and where you travel.
Regulatory status. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA, and the FDA has not approved DHEA or pregnenolone as treatments for any condition. Regulatory status for pregnenolone in supplements in particular is unsettled. This is a product to use with eyes open and, ideally, professional guidance.
Medication interactions to flag with your prescriber:
· Any CYP3A4-metabolized medication: DIM has been shown in human liver-cell studies to induce CYP3A4 and the P-glycoprotein transporter (MDR1), which together handle a large share of prescription drugs, including some statins, benzodiazepines, oral contraceptives, immunosuppressants, and certain cancer therapies. If you take any prescription medication, a two-minute check with your pharmacist before you start is the right call.
· Thyroid medication: discuss timing and monitoring with your provider.
· Blood pressure medication: monitor and discuss, since magnesium and hormone shifts can matter for sensitive individuals.
· Existing hormone or DHEA/pregnenolone products: don’t stack hormone precursors without lab monitoring.
Adrenal conditions. Anyone with diagnosed adrenal insufficiency, Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, or a related condition should not self-direct pregnenolone or DHEA. That requires medical supervision.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Common Questions
Will this blunt my stress response?
That’s not the aim. You need a working stress response for genuine high-stakes moments. The idea is to support the wider hormone picture so the demands of a heavy stretch feel more manageable and recovery comes a bit easier, not to switch cortisol off.*
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
How do I know if it’s doing anything?
Test, don’t guess. A baseline panel (DHEA-S, free and total testosterone, SHBG, estradiol, morning and later-day cortisol) before you start, and a retest at two to three months, gives you real data. Your provider should help you read it.*
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Can I take HormonIQ™ with ashwagandha, creatine, and omega-3s?
Generally these pair fine. Adaptogens work on a different part of the picture than precursors do, and creatine and omega-3s are unrelated. The important step is looping in your provider if you take any prescription medication, mainly because of DIM’s effect on drug-metabolizing enzymes.*
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Is it safe to take DHEA and pregnenolone without a doctor?
These are hormone precursors, not vitamins, so the honest answer is that professional input is the right standard, particularly if you take medication, have a hormone-sensitive or adrenal or thyroid condition, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. A baseline lab panel is a smart idea regardless. And if you’re drug-tested for sport or work, skip DHEA entirely.*
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Can women take HormonIQ™ ?
Yes. The well-being research on DHEA (Morales et al., 1994) included both men and women, and the age-and-stress hormone decline affects everyone. For women in the 35 to 55 range it can overlap with perimenopausal changes, which is exactly why the “talk to your provider and test first” advice applies just as much here.*
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
How long until I notice something?
Hormone-related changes work on a biological clock. Some people notice sleep or steadiness shifts in the first few weeks; body-composition and lab changes take longer, so plan on two to three months of consistent use before you judge it.*
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
The Honest Bottom Line
The depletion you’re feeling is real, and it isn’t a willpower problem. Chronic stress and age genuinely affect the hormone systems behind your energy, focus, sleep, and body composition, and no amount of clean living fully removes that pressure when the pressure isn’t going anywhere.
What a formula like HormonIQ™ offers is targeted support: precursors and minerals your body uses in these pathways, at doses you can check against published research, meant to work alongside the sleep, training, and stress management you’re already committed to. It’s not magic, and anyone who sells it that way isn’t being straight with you. Used thoughtfully, ideally with your provider and a baseline lab panel, it’s a reasonable, measurable addition for people who want to protect the sharpness and drive their work depends on.
If that’s you, start with a conversation with your healthcare provider and a baseline test. Then decide.
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These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Scientific References & Citations
These are ingredient-level and mechanism-level studies, not trials of the finished five-ingredient formula. Where a study used a different dose or population than this product, that context is noted in the relevant section above. All sources are verifiable through the DOI links provided.
Charalampopoulos, I., Tsatsanis, C., Dermitzaki, E., Alexaki, V.-I., Castanas, E., Margioris, A. N., & Gravanis, A. (2004). Dehydroepiandrosterone and allopregnanolone protect sympathoadrenal medulla cells against apoptosis via antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(21), 8209–8214. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0306631101
Held, K., Antonijevic, I. A., Künzel, H., Uhr, M., Wetter, T. C., Golly, I. C., Steiger, A., & Murck, H. (2002). Oral Mg²⁺ supplementation reverses age-related neuroendocrine and sleep EEG changes in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry, 35(4), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-33195
Marx, C. E., Keefe, R. S. E., Buchanan, R. W., Hamer, R. M., Kilts, J. D., Bradford, D. W., Strauss, J. L., Naylor, J. C., Payne, V. M., Lieberman, J. A., Savitz, A. J., Leimone, L. A., Dunn, L., Porcu, P., Morrow, A. L., & Shampine, L. J. (2009). Proof-of-concept trial with the neurosteroid pregnenolone targeting cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology, 34(8), 1885–1903. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2009.26
Miller, W. L., & Auchus, R. J. (2011). The molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology of human steroidogenesis and its disorders. Endocrine Reviews, 32(1), 81–151. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2010-0013
Morales, A. J., Nolan, J. J., Nelson, J. C., & Yen, S. S. C. (1994). Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 78(6), 1360–1367. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.78.6.7515387
Naghii, M. R., Mofid, M., Asgari, A. R., Hedayati, M., & Daneshpour, M. S. (2011). Comparative effects of daily and weekly boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones and proinflammatory cytokines. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 25(1), 54–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2010.10.001
Orentreich, N., Brind, J. L., Rizer, R. L., & Vogelman, J. H. (1984). Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 59(3), 551–555. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-59-3-551
Pondugula, S. R., Flannery, P. C., Abbott, K. L., Coleman, E. S., Mani, S., Samuel, T., & Xie, W. (2015). Diindolylmethane, a naturally occurring compound, induces CYP3A4 and MDR1 gene expression by activating human PXR. Toxicology Letters, 232(3), 580–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.015
Villareal, D. T., & Holloszy, J. O. (2004). Effect of DHEA on abdominal fat and insulin action in elderly women and men: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 292(18), 2243–2248. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.18.2243
Whirledge, S., & Cidlowski, J. A. (2010). Glucocorticoids, stress, and fertility. Minerva Endocrinologica, 35(2), 109–125. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3547681/
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.